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      All reports — page 2

      The full archive in alphabetical order, across every desk.

      Professional Licensing Law

      Apprenticeships, Trainee Permits and Supervised Hours

      Entry to most licensed occupations requires a period of supervised work, administered either through a registered apprenticeship program or a board-issued trainee permit. Hours count only where the supervisor was qualified, the supervision met the rule's definition, and contemporaneous records exist to prove both.

      5 min readState rule

      Construction & Permitting Law

      Architectural Review in a Homeowners Association

      Architectural review is a contractual power created by an association's recorded covenants. Approval standards are often broad, but the process is constrained by the documents, by state statutes on notice and hearings, and by a duty to act reasonably and consistently rather than arbitrarily.

      4 min readLocal rule

      Aviation & Airspace Law

      Aviation Enforcement: Certificate Actions and Civil Penalties

      Enforcement usually opens with a letter of investigation, proceeds through a compliance action or a formal proceeding, and can end in a civil penalty or certificate suspension or revocation. Both certificated pilots and uncertificated drone operators go through the same framework, with appeal routes attached at each stage.

      4 min readFederal rule

      Criminal Records & Expungement Law

      Ban-the-Box Rules and the Individual Assessment

      Ban-the-box laws delay criminal history inquiries until after an initial assessment or a conditional offer. Federal guidance and many state statutes require an individualized assessment weighing the offense, the time elapsed and the relevance to the role, with notice and an opportunity to respond before adverse action.

      6 min readFederal and state

      Immigration & Border Law

      Border Crossing Cards and Commuter Status at Land Ports

      A border crossing card issued to a Mexican national functions as a combined visitor visa and identity document for land and sea entries, permitting visits within a defined distance of the border for a limited period without a separate arrival record. Travel beyond that zone or for longer requires an arrival record and full inspection, and lawful permanent residents who live abroad and work in the United States occupy a separate commuter category with its own rules.

      5 min readFederal rule

      Utilities & Telecom Law

      Broadband Labels, Speed Claims and Billing Disputes

      Federal rules require internet providers to display a standardized consumer label at the point of sale showing monthly price, contract length, fees, data allowances and typical performance figures. The label is enforceable as a disclosure obligation, but speed figures are stated as typical rather than guaranteed, which shapes what a dispute can achieve.

      5 min readFederal rule

      Maritime & Waterfront Law

      Building or Repairing a Dock: Permits and Approvals

      Dock construction typically requires a federal authorization for work in navigable waters, a state authorization for use of submerged land, and a local building permit. Maintenance and in-kind repair are often exempt from the federal layer, and general permits cover most small residential structures.

      6 min readFederal and state

      Probate & Estate Law

      Burial on Private Land and Home Funerals

      A majority of states permit a family to conduct a funeral without a licensed director, subject to the same death registration, permit and transport requirements. Burial on private land is separately governed by county zoning, setback rules and the effect on the property's title.

      5 min readState rule

      Immigration & Border Law

      C-1 Transit Visas and Passengers Who Only Change Planes

      A passenger passing through the United States on the way to a third country must be admitted, which requires a visa or a qualifying visa waiver authorization. The transit classification permits continuous and immediate passage and nothing else, and misuse of it is treated as a serious matter.

      5 min readFederal rule